Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children in China, and it is often prevalent in the autumn and winter seasons. In the autumn and winter of 2023, a large-scale epidemic outbreak of MP pneumonia occurred nationwide in the pediatric population, which brought harm to child health, caused a heavy disease burden, imposed a challenge to the pediatric medical service system, and aroused great attention from medical administration and public health fields. The widespread prevalence of macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) in China has become a prominent problem in pediatric clinical practice. This article reviewed the epidemiology of MP pneumonia and made evidence-based suggestions for the prevention and treatment of seasonal MP pneumonia in children in terms of the current clinical practice issues and public health concerns.
肺炎支原体（MP）是我国儿童社区获得性肺炎常见的致病原，常在秋冬季流行。2023年秋冬季全国范围发生儿童MP肺炎大规模流行暴发，对儿童健康带来危害，造成沉重疾病负担，对儿科医疗服务体系带来挑战，引起医政部门和公共卫生领域的高度关注。我国大环内酯类耐药的MP广泛流行成为儿科临床突出的问题。本文回顾MP肺炎的流行病学特点，针对国内儿科临床实践在诊治方面存在的问题以及公共卫生所关注的问题，对儿童MP肺炎季节性流行的防治策略提出循证建议。.