Cost-utility analysis of combination medical therapies in chronic coronary syndrome: a comparative study using real-world and patient-level data from Iran

BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 14;15(1):e081953. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081953.

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various medical therapy combinations in managing chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in Iran, based on real-world and patient-level data.

Design: A cost-utility analysis employing a Markov model was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in the healthcare setting of Iran, focusing on primary and secondary care.

Participants: Patients with CCS were included in the study. Numbers entering and completing the study were reported, with clear definitions of selection, entry and exclusion criteria.

Interventions: All combinations of recommended medical therapies for CCS were permitted. Ultimately, taking into account the sample size and study power, a comparison was made between the combination therapy of β-blockers (BB), long-acting nitroglycerin (LAN), aspirin (ASA) and statin versus the group receiving only BB, ASA and statin.

Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, along with an initial evaluation of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and costs related to the interventions.

Results: The BB/LAN/ASA/statin combination was cost-saving and effective, averting 0.02 DALYs and saving $172 compared with BB/ASA/statin. This combination was cost-effective in over 97% of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis results.

Conclusions: Incorporating LAN into the combination therapy of BB, ASA and statin is cost-effective in Iran. This finding provides evidence for policymakers on resource allocation in low-income countries.

Keywords: Drug Combinations; Electronic Health Records; Health economics; Quality of Life.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists* / economics
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists* / therapeutic use
  • Aged
  • Aspirin* / economics
  • Aspirin* / therapeutic use
  • Chronic Disease / drug therapy
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* / economics
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* / therapeutic use
  • Iran
  • Male
  • Markov Chains*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nitroglycerin / administration & dosage
  • Nitroglycerin / economics
  • Nitroglycerin / therapeutic use
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years*
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Aspirin
  • Nitroglycerin