Prevalence and factors contributing to missed opportunities for vaccination in Mogadishu, Somalia

Objectives: Vaccination is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the proven benefits of vaccines, missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) remain a significant challenge in many low-income countries, including Somalia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to MOVs in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at various health care facilities in Mogadishu, Somalia from January to March 2024. A total of 234 caregivers of children under 5 years of age were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health service utilization, and reasons for missed vaccinations were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with MOVs.

Results: The prevalence of MOVs in Mogadishu was 26%. The key factors contributing to MOVs included low socioeconomic status, lack of caregiver awareness about vaccination schedules, logistical challenges within the health care system, and misconceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy. Knowledge and beliefs of mothers about vaccination significantly affected the MOVs in children. Not knowing whether all children should be vaccinated is associated with higher probability of (MOVs) (adjusted odds ratio = 13.006, 95% confidence interval = 1.175-143.924, P = 0.003).

Conclusions: The study highlighted a significant prevalence of MOVs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Addressing these missed opportunities requires a multifaceted approach, including enhancing public awareness about the importance of vaccination, improving health care infrastructure, and ensuring consistent vaccine supply and proper storage.