Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine preemptive analgesia in breast tumor resection

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing mastectomy.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including 236 patients who underwent breast tumor resection. Of these, 131 patients in the control group received routine postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, while 105 patients in the preemptive analgesia group received dexmedetomidine preemptive analgesia during surgery. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Ramsay sedation scores, clinical efficacy, pain mediator levels, renal function indices, immune function indices, and adverse effects were statistically analyzed.

Results: The preemptive analgesia group had lower VAS scores and Ramsay scores postoperatively (both P < 0.05). The success rate of analgesia was significantly higher in the preemptive analgesia group compared to the control group (84.8% vs. 74.0%, P < 0.05). After surgery, the levels of pain mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), initially increased and then decreased, with lower levels observed in the preemptive analgesia group (all P < 0.05). Renal function indices, including creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), showed a similar trend, with lower levels in the preemptive analgesia group (all P < 0.05). Immune function markers, such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8+ ratios, demonstrated smaller changes in the preemptive analgesia group compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). The total adverse reaction rate was lower in the preemptive analgesia group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine preemptive analgesia demonstrates significant clinical benefits in patients undergoing breast tumor resection, including better analgesic efficacy, reduced pain mediator and renal function index levels, improved immune function preservation, and fewer adverse reactions.