Functional MRI reveals brain activation patterns associated with optimization of spinal cord stimulation parameters in treating chronic pain

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³ Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵ Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
• ⁶ Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁷ Slaight Family Centre for Advanced MRI, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
• ⁸ Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹ Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ¹¹ Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹² Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
• ¹³ Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected].