Bioactive Polysaccharides from Cremastra Appendiculata Attenuate Lipid Accumulation In Vitro Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a most common chronic disease with a rapid growing incidence worldwide, presenting as an ever-increasing burden to the healthcare system. In this study, we explored that Cremastraappendiculata, a valuable traditional medicine in China, could alleviate lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Polysaccharide (CAP) was extracted from the pseudobulbs of C.appendiculata and oligosaccharide (oligoCAP) was obtained by enzymatical digestion of the CAP with endo-β-mannanase. Mw of CAP and oligoCAP was determined to be 46,415 Da and 933 Da. Oleic acid (OA) induced steatosis in HepG2 cells were adopted as in vitro NAFLD model. CAP and oligoCAP could reduce the OA-induced lipid accumulation and significantly reduced the TC and TG content in the HepG2 cells. CAP and oligoCAP possessed lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory activities especially by enhancing lipolysis and suppressing the lipid synthesis showed by qPCR results. Transcriptome analysis showed that CAP and oligoCAP mainly played anti-NAFLD roles in the pathways of lipid metabolism and necroptosis. Moreover, in vivo biodistribution results showed that both CAP and oligoCAP were mostly distributed in the small intestine and stomach tissues at 24 h after administration, which may be related to the structural and molecular weight characterization of the polysaccharides.