Two very rare cases of splenic trauma following high translumbar aortography are described. Two types of clinical picture are observed : severe intraperitoneal hemorrhage, subcapsular and then intraperitoneal, from rupture of the spleen, and septic peritonitis following rupture of an intra- and perisplenic abscess. The authors review the frequency, mechanism, and prevention of complications following translumbar aortic puncture.