From 1980 to 1982, 100 consecutive cadaver renal transplants were performed. All but 2 recipients received preoperative transfusion and all received an initial 2-week course of antilymphoblast globulin. A prospective controlled evaluation of high versus low maintenance prednisone, and antilymphoblast globulin versus intravenous methylprednisolone for first rejection therapy was done. Over-all 1-year graft and patient survivals were 77 and 96 per cent, respectively. Graft survival was equal in the high and low steroid groups. Antilymphoblast globulin was as effective as intravenous methylprednisolone in reversing first rejections. Graft survival was improved with better donor-recipient matched grafts. We conclude that excellent results can be obtained in transfused cadaver renal allograft recipients managed with azathioprine, prednisone and antilymphoblast globulin. The regimen of prophylactic antilymphoblast globulin, low maintenance prednisone and antilymphoblast globulin alone for first rejections is immunologically effective and steroid sparing.