Ovarian function has been studied in 44 adult females who previously received quadruple chemotherapy (MVPP) for Hodgkin's disease. The median age at treatment was 23 years, and the length of time between completion of treatment and study ranged from 6 months to 10 years (median, 30 months). Seventeen women maintained regular menses, 10 developed oligomenorrhea, and 17 developed amenorrhea. At treatment, the 17 women who subsequently developed amenorrhea were significantly older (median, 30 years) than those who maintained regular menses (median, 22 years) or developed oligomenorrhea (median, 23 years). All patients older than 36 years at the start of treatment stopped menstruating during chemotherapy. The cause of the menstrual disturbance in these patients was chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage characterized by high serum gonadotrophin and low serum estradiol concentrations. After completion of treatment there were 17 pregnancies, which resulted in 9 normal infants, 3 terminations, and 4 spontaneous abortions. Nine patients took the combination oral contraceptive pill throughout chemotherapy; however, subsequently 4 developed amenorrhea and 3 oligomenorrhea, suggesting that these patients had not been protected from chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. Estrogen replacement therapy was of definite benefit in the symptomatic patients with premature ovarian failure.