In view of recent findings in a retrospective study by two of the authors, the present research was designed to systematically assess the validity of the Missouri Children's Picture Series sleep disturbances scale. Study I compared groups of restless sleepers and nocturnal enuretics with matched cohorts attending a summer residential program for children with communication-related disorders. Study II examined the relation of two MCPS scales to parent reports of corresponding problems, using a multitrait-multimethod matrix, individual correlations, and cluster analysis. Neither study provided convincing evidence for the validity of the sleep disturbance scale.