A self-care book that guides patients in seeking home care or physician care for 63 medical problems was assessed in three randomly selected groups of families to determine the book's effect on the number of visits to physicians. The first group was given the book and an optional seminar on its use; the second group was identical to the first but each family was promised $50 if their visits to physicians dropped by one third; the third group was a control group (total, 699 families). The book had no significant effect on the number of physician's visits during six- and 12-month study periods even though one half of the families read most or all of the book, and more than one third used it for a specific medical problem. Large-scale distribution of this self-care book therefore did not result in significantly less dependence on physicians for treatment of acute medical problems.