Microsurgical preservation of the facial nerve during removal of acoustic neurinomas can hardly be compared with microsurgery of the eighth cranial nerve. Many more anatomical and pathogenetic factors are involved that need careful consideration. In small neurinomas, of grades I and II, total extirpation of the tumour with preservation of both the facial nerve and segments of the vestibulocochlear nerve not directly involved by the tumour has become a safe and practical technique. In small acoustic neurinomas immediate facial nerve function could be preserved in 88% and "useful hearing" could be preserved in 78%. A number of different types of tumour-cranial nerve relationships could be established in small acoustic neurinomas, showing also the effects of adjusted surgical techniques on the preservation of hearing. Optimal selective separation of cranial nerves from the tumour is only possible through open surgical intervention, while radiosurgery requires the irradiation of the entire tumour/nerve complex.