High-dose therapy with hemopoietic stem cell support in multiple myeloma (MM) has been used for 10 years. This approach is currently the most promising form of treatment for this disease. We review here its rationale and the results of clinical trials according to the source of hematopoietic stem cells [allogeneic or autologous, bone marrow or blood]. Finally, we discuss the ongoing uncertainties regarding the utility of this treatment and the future prospects for high-dose therapy in MM.