We evaluated the lipid profile every 3 months in 49 children (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.4 years) after kidney transplantation. This included measuring the concentrations of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), VLDL, LDL, HDL lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B(apo-B). The average values of TG and VLDL-C were above normal, while the remaining parameters were within the normal range. No statistically significant differences in these parameters were found between immunosuppressive and hypotensive regimens. There were statistically significant increases (above normal range) in TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and apo-B in patients treated with prednisone (total yearly dose more than 10 mg/m2/day) in comparison to patients treated with smaller doses of prednisone. We observed a reduction in lipid disturbances, although TG and VLDL-C remained elevated in patients with good graft function. We believe that typical immunosuppressive therapy and low doses of hypotensive drugs do not exacerbate lipid disturbances, which occur in patients treated with high doses of prednisone.