DNA ploidy pattern analyzed by cytofluorometry and p53 protein expression using immunohistochemical method were studied in 35 cases of esophageal cancer. p53 protein were positive in 19 cases (54%), and DNA aneuploidy pattern were detected in 26 cases (74%). There was no relationship between DNA ploidy pattern or p53 expression and clinico-pathological factors. DNA aneuploidy or p53 positive cases were significantly poor prognoses in five-year survival rate. DNA aneuploidy and p53 positive cases were worst in four groups. It is effective for evaluation of biological malignancy and detection of post operative schedules to study not only clinico-pathological factors but also DNA ploidy pattern and p53 expression in esophageal cancer.