Central venous access devices are a major source of nosocomial infection. The skin and catheter hub are the two major sources for the introduction of the colonizing organisms. Staphylococci are the leading causative agents. The authors reviews classification of catheter-related infection complications, diagnostic problems of catheter sepsis and up-to-date trends in their treatment. Diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis remains still difficult, if device is not removed. Candida catheter related is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than infections with other organisms and the device should be removed if possible. Prophylactic measures include especially a skilled team, maximal barrier precautions during insertion.