A proflavin-induced frameshift hotspot in the thymidylate synthase gene of bacteriophage T4

Mutat Res. 1993 Apr;286(2):189-97. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(93)90183-g.

Abstract

Twenty-one independent thymidylate synthase deficient (td) mutants were isolated after proflavin mutagenesis of T4D0 phage. A strikingly high proportion of these mutations (17 of 21; 80%) mapped in a small 122 nucleotide (nt) region which spans the 5' splice site of this intron-containing gene. This region comprises only 14% of the total td exon sequence. RNA sequence analysis of these mutants identified a series of frameshift insertion/deletion mutations and indicated a hotspot for proflavin-induced mutations in the 3' end of exon I of the td gene. The mutant sequences at the hotspot site fully support a previously proposed mutagenic mechanism for proflavin-induced mutations in which frameshifts are produced as a consequence of exonuclease or DNA polymerase activity at the 3' ends of nicks in the DNA produced by perturbation of the T4-encoded type II topoisomerase activity by the acridine. Sixteen of the seventeen DNA mutations in the hotspot region can be explained by the model as a consequence of enzymatic processing of nicks at two phosphodiester bonds staggered by 4 base pairs (bp) and located on opposite strands of the DNA. Thus, these mutants exhibit precisely the symmetry expected of topoisomerase-mediated mutagenesis. The DNA sequences of the td hotspot mutants, when considered with the sequences of proflavin-induced mutants in the T4 rIIB and lysozyme genes, confirm the view that proflavin-induced mutations in diverse bacteriophage T4 DNA sequences are all produced by the topoisomerase-dependent mechanisms and do not support the view that classical misalignments in DNA repeats are hotspots for proflavin-induced mutagenesis in T4.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Bacteriophage T4 / genetics
  • Base Sequence
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • DNA, Viral
  • Frameshift Mutation*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagens / toxicity*
  • Proflavine / toxicity*
  • Restriction Mapping
  • Thymidylate Synthase / genetics*
  • Thymidylate Synthase / metabolism

Substances

  • DNA, Viral
  • Mutagens
  • Proflavine
  • Thymidylate Synthase