Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the most common used method of treatment for end stage renal failure, specially adapted for home dialysis, easily applicable even for infants. PD creates a degree of independence but also of responsibility. PD failed out with time (transfered to hemodialysis) secondary to familial and medical (peritonitis) exhaustions. Anyway PD has become in children under 15 years old, the more used dialysis modality in many countries (Canada, USA, Australia, England, Italy, Germany, Holland, ...) but remained rarely performed in France (economical, political, social or medical environment reasons). Reduction of waiting time for transplantation should favor the development of PD. Home treatment by PD is without doubt the best dialysis condition in terms of optimal children development but is really a familial charge.