A velocity k-space analysis of flow effects in echo-planar and spiral imaging

Magn Reson Med. 1995 Apr;33(4):549-56. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910330414.

Abstract

A velocity k-space formalism facilitates the analysis of flow effects for imaging sequences involving time-varying gradients such as echo-planar and spiral. For each sequence, the velocity k-space trajectory can be represented by kv(kr); that is, its velocity-frequency (kv) position as a function of spatial-frequency (kr) position. In an echo-planar sequence, kv is discontinuous and asymmetric. However, in a spiral sequence, kv is smoothly varying, circularly symmetric, and small near the kr origin. To compare the effects of these trajectory differences, simulated images were generated by computing the k-space values for an in-plane vessel with parabolic flow. Whereas the resulting echo-planar images demonstrate distortions and ghosting that depend on the vessel orientation, the spiral images exhibit minimal artifacts.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Artifacts
  • Blood Flow Velocity
  • Computer Simulation
  • Echo-Planar Imaging / methods*
  • Fourier Analysis
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted