The influence of the corpus luteum (CL) at the time of buserelin treatment and of buserelin-induced ovulation on the dynamics of ovarian follicular development was determined in 18 postpartum cyclic beef cows injected i.m. with 8 micrograms of buserelin on d 0 (d of treatment) and with 500 micrograms of cloprostenol (PGF) 6 d later. From d 0 to onset of estrus, ovaries were examined ultrasonographically, and blood samples were collected daily. Number of medium (5 to 10 mm) follicles and diameters of the two largest (F1 and F2) follicles in each cow were recorded. Cows were grouped according to the presence (CL+) or absence (CL-) of an active CL before buserelin injection and the presence (OV+) or absence (OV-) of a buserelin-induced ovulation (OV). Three groups were formed: CL-OV+ (n = 8), CL+OV+ (n = 6), and CL+OV- (n = 4). Buserelin induced an ovulation in all CL- cows (progesterone [P4] < .3 ng/mL) and in CL+ cows that had P4 < 4 ng/mL but did not in CL+ cows that had P4 > 8 ng/mL. Within CL+ cows, buserelin-induced ovulation (OV+) was associated with a smaller (P < .0001) increase in F1 and F1-F2 diameters and a transient increase in the number of medium follicles that was greater (P < .03) and of a longer duration (P < .01) than in OV- cows. After PGF, the increase in F1 and F1-F2 diameters was still greater in OV+ than in OV- cows (day x OV; P < .05). In all cows, the selection of the preovulatory follicle occurred before PGF injection. Results indicate that a buserelin-induced ovulation was dependent on P4 concentrations at the time of treatment. Subsequently, ovarian follicular dynamics were altered by a GnRH-induced ovulation, but emergence and selection of a large growing follicle occurred in all cows within 6 d of treatment. This follicle became the preovulatory follicle following PGF-induced luteolysis.