This article reports findings from a study on infant mortality in Michigan's child welfare system. The findings indicate that postneonatal death rates for infants in foster care placement from 1980 to 1989 are substantially higher than those in the general population. Although infants in the child welfare system are likely to be at greater risk, this article suggests that some of these deaths were preventable. Recommendations are made to address this problem as well as other policy issues raised by the data.