The effects of linearly increasing flip angles on 3D inflow MR angiography

Magn Reson Med. 1994 May;31(5):561-6. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910310515.

Abstract

As recently demonstrated, spin saturation effects in 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) can be reduced by using RF pulses with linearly increasing flip angles (ramp pulses) in the main direction of flow. We developed a model for calculating the signal distribution of proton flow within the excitation volume (slab) for different ramp slopes and compared the results with the measured distribution for the lower-leg arteries. The ramp pulses were generated using the Fourier transformation of the desired excitation profiles. With a bandwidth of 6 kHz and a pulse length of 2.56 ms satisfactory ramps with variable slopes were generated and applied in a standard flow-compensated 3D FISP sequence. The effects on the signal distribution in the resulting angiograms of the lower limbs revealed a considerable reduction of saturation losses in agreement with the calculations. Calculated optimal ramp slopes are provided for flow velocities ranging from 5 to 50 cm/s and excitation volumes ranging from 5 to 25 cm.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Arteries / physiology
  • Artifacts
  • Blood Circulation / physiology
  • Blood Flow Velocity / physiology
  • Blood Vessels / anatomy & histology
  • Blood Vessels / physiology*
  • Fibula / blood supply
  • Fourier Analysis
  • Humans
  • Image Enhancement / methods*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Models, Cardiovascular
  • Popliteal Artery / physiology
  • Regional Blood Flow / physiology
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Tibial Arteries / physiology