Objective: Metabolic activity of transformed human liver (Hep G2) cells and primary rat hepatocytes were compared during in vitro application of a gel entrapment bioartificial liver.
Background: Clinical trials of bioartificial liver devices containing either transformed liver cells or primary hepatocytes have been initiated. A study comparing transformed liver cells and primary hepatocytes in a bioartificial liver under similar conditions has not been reported previously.
Methods: Gel entrapment bioartificial liver devices were inoculated with 100 million cells, Hep G2 cell line (n = 4), or rat hepatocytes (n = 16), and studied for up to 60 days of in vitro cultivation.
Results: Hep G2 cells grew to confluence within the gel entrapment configuration with a doubling time of 20 +/- 3 hours. Rat hepatocytes significantly outperformed Hep G2 cells at confluence in all categories of biotransformation, including ureagenesis (3.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.1 mumol/hr, p < 0.05), glucuronidation (630 +/- 75 vs. 21 +/- 2 nmol/hr, p < 0.005), sulfation (59 +/- 13 vs. 5 +/- 2 nmol/hr, p < 0.05), and oxidation (233 +/- 38 vs. < 1 nmol/hr, p < 0.005). At the conclusion of one experiment, Hep G2 cells were found in the extracapillary compartment of the bioartificial liver, analogous to the patient's compartment during clinical application.
Conclusions: Primary rat hepatocytes were superior to the Hep G2 cell line as the source of hepatic function in a bioartificial liver and avoided the potential risk of tumor transmigration from the bioartificial liver into the patient's circulation.