Oral histoplasmosis in a 30-year-old male with no history of travel outside India is described. An ulcerating lesion was located on the hard palate. A chest X-ray was normal. Based on physical examination, regional lymph nodes, liver and spleen were not involved. The diagnosis was established by demonstrating yeast-like budding cells in a biopsy of the lesion and by isolating Histoplasma capsulatum in pure culture. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by a chemiluminescent DNA-probe assay and the exoantigen test. A review of the Indian literature from 1968 to 1992 revealed the occurrence of 25 authentic cases of histoplasmosis in India. In 19 cases, lesions were confined to the oral cavity confirming prior observation that histoplasmosis in Indian patients tends to occur primarily in extrapulmonary sites, particularly the oral cavity.