Intensive research following the discovery of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene in 1989 has expanded understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Genetic and ion-transport researchers no longer move independently along parallel tracks but feed and fuel each other. Greater understanding of the basic defect at cellular and genetic level is spawning potential new treatments, all of which need full clinical evaluation. Meanwhile, routine day-to-day care continues to improve steadily. It is timely to take stock of the current situation. The conference aimed to highlight recent scientific advances, to review their impact on patient care, and to provide a patient's view.