An apparent balanced translocation involving the long arms of homologous chromosomes is described for the first time in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (M2), i.e., 46,XY,t(3;3) (q21;q26). After reviewing the literature, it was noted that a breakpoint involving band 3q26 is a frequent anomaly in other translocations. Thus, we are tempted to hypothesize that 3q26 band may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML (M2).