Trends of fat and fat-containing food consumption in Spain are analysed; information was obtained from data collected at two different levels: household and individual. Three major household budget surveys conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 1964, 1980-1981, and 1990-1991 show the trends of food and fat consumption in Spain; we can observe a decrease in cereals, potatoes and pulses and an increase in dairy products and meat, similar to that observed in other countries. According to these studies, the consumption of fat and saturated fat and the other vegetable oils have increased, while olive oil intake has decreased. Food and fat consumption in Spain presents a large variation between the Spanish regions. Six individual dietary studies conducted among adult free-living populations are reviewed; intakes of fat ranged from 90 to 110 g/person/day, and percentage of total energy from saturated fat from 12 to 15%. The rise in fat intake in Spain urges dietary interventions.