Abstract
The level of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (MP) from the blood and pulmonary alveoli from 14 HIV-1-infected subjects during early (asymptomatic) and late (AIDS) stages of disease and the relationship between virus burden in MP and cytokine expression were assessed. Among asymptomatic subjects, HIV-1 was undetectable or low in both blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AM). Among subjects with AIDS, there was a significant increase of HIV-1 in AM but not monocytes. The level of HIV-1 in blood lymphocytes was higher than in either monocytes or AM. AM (but not monocytes) expressed increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine mRNA (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6) during both early and late stages of HIV-1 infection regardless of virus load. AM thus may serve as a reservoir for virus in late stages of disease yet contribute to the immunopathogenesis of lung disease in both early and late stages through increased cytokine expression.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Adult
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Base Sequence
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Blotting, Northern
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Cytokines / biosynthesis*
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Cytokines / genetics
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DNA Primers / chemistry
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DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
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Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
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Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / biosynthesis
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HIV Infections / immunology*
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HIV Infections / metabolism
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HIV Infections / microbiology
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HIV-1 / immunology*
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Humans
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Interleukin-1 / biosynthesis
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Interleukin-1 / genetics
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Interleukin-6 / biosynthesis
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Interleukin-6 / genetics
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Macrophages, Alveolar / metabolism
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Macrophages, Alveolar / microbiology*
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Male
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Monocytes / metabolism
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Monocytes / microbiology
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Pulmonary Alveoli / pathology
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RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
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RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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T-Lymphocytes / microbiology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
Substances
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Cytokines
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DNA Primers
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DNA, Viral
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Interleukin-1
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Interleukin-6
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RNA, Messenger
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RNA, Viral
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases