A population and family study of N-acetyltransferase using caffeine urinary metabolites

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Aug;54(2):134-41. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1993.124.

Abstract

Population and family studies were undertaken to validate caffeine as a probe drug to establish the genetic status of rapid acetylators and slow acetylators. The acetylator status was established from the urinary metabolic ratio of 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil to 1-methylxanthine (AFMU/1X) after oral administration of caffeine. We confirmed a bimodal distribution (chi 2(1) = 229.48; p << 10(-9)) of the AFMU/1X ratio in 245 unrelated subjects. A third distribution did not significantly improve the fit to the data (chi 2(1) = 0.04; p = 0.84). Complex segregation analysis of 76 nuclear families confirmed the monogenic inheritance of N-acetyltransferase, with incomplete dominance of the rapid allele over the slow one. We observed a slight shift between the mean activities of heterozygous and homozygous rapid acetylators (t = 2.89; p < 0.01). However, the 30 obligate heterozygotes belonging to the 76 families were evenly distributed among the rapid acetylators and never located in a hypothetic intermediary group between slow acetylators and rapid acetylators.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylation
  • Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / genetics
  • Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / metabolism*
  • Caffeine / pharmacokinetics*
  • Caffeine / urine
  • Family
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Models, Statistical
  • Time Factors
  • Uracil / analogs & derivatives*
  • Uracil / urine
  • Xanthines / urine*

Substances

  • Xanthines
  • Caffeine
  • Uracil
  • 1-methylxanthine
  • 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil
  • Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase