In order to assess the acute effects of the intraoperative administration of intraperitoneal (IP) carboplatin with and without intravenous (IV) doxorubicin in patients with gynecologic malignancies, 25 patients were treated at the conclusion of their surgical procedure. Twenty-three had epithelial ovarian cancer and 2 had advanced endometrial cancer. Twelve patients received IP carboplatin and IV doxorubicin at the conclusion of their primary cytoreduction. The remaining 13 received IP carboplatin alone and consisted of 4 reassessment laparotomies for ovarian cancer, 7 secondary cytoreductions, 1 minilaparotomy for the placement of an IP catheter, and 1 second-look laparoscopy. The median age of the 25 patients was 59 years. Eight patients underwent bowel resections with anastomoses; 2 had ureteral resections and ureteroneocystostomies, 1 required a splenectomy, and 1 underwent a partial hepatic resection. There were no mortalities. Three of the 13 patients who received the IP carboplatin alone had postoperative fevers with no infectious source, which did not delay discharge. No other morbidity was noted in this group. However, 7 patients who received IV doxorubicin along with the IP carboplatin developed severe leukopenia requiring antimicrobial and colony-stimulating factor support. One patient required reexploration for postoperative hemorrhage and also developed a pulmonary embolus. One woman developed postoperative pneumonia. The median hospital stay for the 25 patients was 9 days. Intraoperative chemotherapy can be administered with tolerable immediate adverse effects.