Objective: To determine whether psychiatric conditions other than depression are relevant in elder patients with memory disturbances.
Methods: 430 consecutive outpatients (242 males, 188 females; mean age 61.7 years) who visited the Maastricht Memory Clinic were examined, according to a standardised diagnostic procedure, including somatic, neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological examination. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to DSM-III(-R) criteria.
Results: Of 152 patients with dementia, 34 had a secondary depressive syndrome, 19 another secondary psychiatric disorder. Of the 37 patients with a psycho-organic disorder other than dementia, 16 had an organic mood disorder. Of the other 241 patients, 152 had 159 primary psychiatric diagnoses: mood disorders in 100 cases and other psychiatric disorders in 59 cases, especially adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders and personality disorders. Together, only 60% percent of all primary or secondary psychiatric disorders were mood disorders. Various ways in which organic substrate, cognitive problems and psychopathology can be interrelated are discussed.
Conclusion: Although affective disorders were the most frequent psychiatric disorders, several other psychiatric conditions were related to memory disturbances as well. Psychiatric assessment in patients with memory complaints should not be restricted to the diagnosis of depressive symptoms.