Docetaxel, a new semisynthetic taxoid used as an antineoplastic agent, induced a predominantly sensory neuropathy in 20 of 41 patients. We assessed neurotoxicity in all patients participating in four phase II trials conducted in our institution. The neuropathy was evaluated by a clinical sum-score for symptoms and signs and by measurement of the Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT). The severity of neuropathy was graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria. Neuropathic symptoms were mild in most patients. However, at cumulative doses above 600 mg/m2, 3 of 15 patients developed a moderate and 1 of 15 patients a severe neuropathy. There was a significant correlation between the cumulative dose of docetaxel and the post-treatment sum-score (p = 0.002). We found no correlation between post-treatment VPT and clinical sum-score or between post-treatment VPT and the cumulative dose of docetaxel. We conclude that docetaxel produced a mild and predominantly sensory neuropathy in a high proportion of treated patients. This neurotoxicity appeared to be dose dependent and may be severe and disabling at higher dose levels. Determination of the VPT is not a reliable method to monitor docetaxel-induced neuropathy.