Abstract
Diphtheria and tetanus antibody levels were measured before and four weeks after booster vaccination of 313 Danish military recruits participating in a clinical trial to compare aluminium hydroxide and calcium phosphate as adjuvants in diphtheria-tetanus vaccines (DT). Twenty-eight percent of the men had a diphtheria pre-vaccination content below a protective level of 0.01 IU ml-1. The calcium phosphate adsorbed vaccine showed the highest efficacy for both antigens. Adverse reactions were rare but more frequent in the calcium group than in the aluminium group. No correlation was found between pre- or post-vaccination levels and adverse reactions and both vaccines gave rise to specific IgE formation. The results show that calcium phosphate is more effective but not a safer alternative to aluminium hydroxide when compared in vaccines containing 1.0 mg ml-1 of Ca or of Al.
Publication types
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Clinical Trial
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Comparative Study
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Controlled Clinical Trial
MeSH terms
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / adverse effects
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use*
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Aluminum Hydroxide / adverse effects
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Aluminum Hydroxide / therapeutic use*
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Antibodies, Bacterial / biosynthesis
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Antibodies, Bacterial / blood
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Calcium Phosphates / adverse effects
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Calcium Phosphates / therapeutic use*
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Diphtheria / prevention & control*
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Diphtheria Toxoid / adverse effects
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Diphtheria Toxoid / therapeutic use*
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Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
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Humans
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Immunization, Secondary
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Immunoglobulin E / biosynthesis
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Immunoglobulin E / blood
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Male
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Tetanus / prevention & control*
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Tetanus Toxoid / adverse effects
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Tetanus Toxoid / therapeutic use*
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Vaccines, Combined / adverse effects
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Vaccines, Combined / therapeutic use
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Antibodies, Bacterial
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Calcium Phosphates
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Diphtheria Toxoid
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Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
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Tetanus Toxoid
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Vaccines, Combined
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alpha-tricalcium phosphate
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tetracalcium phosphate
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Immunoglobulin E
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Aluminum Hydroxide
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calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous
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calcium phosphate
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calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous