One hundred and two patients with recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with MIME (methyl-GAG, ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide) in accordance with a prospective protocol. Of 75 patients with high-grade malignant NHL (median age 57 years, range 21-79), 15 patients (20%) obtained a complete response (CR) and 27 patients (36%) a partial remission (PR), giving an overall response rate of 56%. The remissions were usually short when not consolidated with ABMT or radiotherapy. The probability of progression-free survival after 2 years was 13%, and the cause-specific survival was 23%. Of 27 patients with low-grade NHL (median age 46 years, range 37-86), 7% had a CR and 37% a PR giving a response rate of 44%. The remissions were again usually short when not consolidated, and the probability of progression-free survival at two years was 11%, and the cause-specific survival 26%. The main toxicity was hematological with septicemia in 20% of the patients and other severe infections in 19%. Fifteen patients (11 high-grade NHL and 4 low-grade NHL) were consolidated with high-dose therapy followed by ABMT, of whom 6 are in continuous CR. We conclude that MIME can induce remissions in NHL patients, and that the remission rates are comparable with those of many other salvage regimens. The remissions are, however, generally of short duration and need consolidation. There was considerable toxicity therefore patients not suitable for ABMT preferably should be treated with less toxic salvage regimens.