Detailed analysis of 21 patients suffering from arterial hypertension complicated by aortic dissection, who were treated non-surgically was performed. Signs and symptoms of aortic dissection appeared the most frequently in the age between 50 and 69. In 14 (66.7%) cases proximal (type A) and in 7 (33.3%) distal (type B) dissection were diagnosed. During acute phase 15 patients complained of pain and 6 did not. Smoking and family history of arterial hypertension were the commonest risk factors in this group. Proximal dissection was more frequently connected with painful course of the dissection whereas distal with painless. Detailed analysis of clinical data and non-invasive treatment during acute phase (first 14 days since onset of pain) was performed. During ambulatory observation which lasted 3-75 month (mean 34.3 month) 5 (25%) patients died, 15 (75%) are still alive.