In bovine airway smooth-muscle cells platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and endothelin (Et-1) stimulate sustained and comparable activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) but display very different mitogenic efficacies, with PDGF inducing 50 times more DNA synthesis than Et-1. To examine additional signalling pathways which may be involved in this response, we investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase)/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6k) in mediating PDGF- and Et-1-induced mitogenesis, and whether inhibition of this pathway may underly the ability of cAMP to inhibit cell proliferation. PDGF stimulated an increase in PtdIns 3-kinase activity and a sustained 15-fold increase in p70s6k activity that was abolished by both wortmannin and rapamycin. Et-1, however, stimulated only a 2-fold increase in p70s6k activity that was rapamycin-sensitive but wortmannin-insensitive. DNA synthesis stimulated by PDGF (50-fold) and Et-1 (2-fold) followed a similar pattern of inhibition. Pretreatment with phorbol ester did not affect p70s6k activation in response to PDGF. Raising intracellular cAMP levels using forskolin, however, resulted in a marked time-dependent inhibition of p70s6k activity, a decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the PtdIns 3-kinase p85 subunit and reduced PtdIns 3-kinase activity. Forskolin also inhibited PDGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. These results suggest that PtdIns 3-kinase-dependent activation of p70s6k may determine mitogenic efficacy of agonists that generate comparable MAP kinase signals. Negative regulation of PtdIns 3-kinase by cAMP may play an important role in the inhibition of airway smooth-muscle cell proliferation.