The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and type-B gastritis as well as peptic ulcer disease is established. Eradication of this organism effectively eliminates ulcer recurrence. Furthermore, seroepidemiologic studies suggest a role for Helicobacter pylori in gastric malignancies. For patients with peptic ulcer disease, the determination of Helicobacter pylori infection is recommended and, if positive, should be followed by an eradication therapy.