The localization of some mRNAs to distinct intracellular regions is achieved through interactions of the mRNA with cytoskeletal filaments. RNA-cytoskeletal interactions exist that influence the transport, anchoring and translation of mRNA. Recent analysis of RNA movements in living cells suggests the formation of RNA granules and their active transport along microtubules. The anchoring and translation of mRNA may be mediated by interactions with orthogonal networks of F-actin and elongation factor 1alpha.