The present study investigated the effect of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH), an experimental oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid, on triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurements. In vivo, the intravenous infusion of LEH (5.6 mL/kg, n = 6) elevated serum triglycerides (+92% vs. baseline, P < .05), total cholesterol (+25% vs. baseline, P < .01), LDL cholesterol (+72% vs. baseline, P < .01) and had no effect on serum HDL cholesterol. In addition, LEH did not alter the elevation in serum triglycerides (+302% vs. baseline, P < .01) and LDL cholesterol (+86% vs. baseline, P < .01) induced by lipopolysaccharide (3.6 mg/kg, i.v., n = 6. Ex vivo, measurements of triglycerides and total cholesterol as well as LDL and HDL cholesterol in whole blood from naive rats were not changed by the addition of LEH (0-50%, n = 6). In vitro, the addition of a fixed concentration of LEH (50%, n = 6) to varying concentrations of cholesterol solution (0-50%), or vice versa, had no effect on cholesterol determination. It is therefore concluded that LEH only minimally affects serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol and does not interfere with their measurement.