Disorders of peripheral nerves are commonly encountered by primary health care providers. This article reviews one of the most frequent patterns, that is, polyneuropathy (PN). PN is a common but complex entity. Understanding the pathophysiology of axons, the classification of PN, the biologic targets of toxins and the patterns of PN assist in the diagnosis of PN. The pathophysiology, symptoms, and signs are discussed along with basic steps to be taken in the evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Illustrative case studies are provided. Diagnosis may not be possible in all cases. When the etiology is unknown, ongoing monitoring of the polyneuropathy is emphasized, particularly in acquired processes where the polyneuropathy may be associated with systemic disease. In such instances, care of the client is directed toward symptomatic management.