One hundred seventy two consecutive cases of female breast pathology have been intraoperatively processed by frozen sections (FS) in combination with aspecific alkaline phosphatase (AAF) histochemical evaluation. The corresponding histology on permanent embedded tissues (ET) was compared with both these techniques. The related theoretical and practical methodological aspects are presented and discussed. The consultations concerned the following histopathological types (WHO terminology): 136 malignant epithelial tumours(intraductal carcinoma: 11; invasive ductal carcinoma: 100; invasive lobular carcinoma: 8; medullary carcinoma: 3; mucinous carcinoma: 8; papillary carcinoma: 3; tubular carcinoma: 2); one cystosarcoma phyllodes; 19 benign tumours; 15 mammary dysplasias (fibrocystic disease); one tumour-like lesion(hamartoma); one fibromatous lesion. In terms of concordance/discordance between FS and ET diagnoses no false positive cases and only one false negative resulted. The diagnosis was deferred in 18 circumstances (10,5%). The AAF reaction in 64/153 (41,8%) cases (correctly interpreted on FS) displayed more histological evidence with special reference to the detection of the myoepithelial cells. The morphological implementation was particularly relevant as far as the differentiation between intraductal and microinvasive carcinoma, carcinomatous and papillomatous papillary proliferation, carcinomatous and non carcinomatous tubular structures, pseudocarcinomatous (florid and/or sclerosing) dysplasia and carcinoma is concerned. Analogously in 12/17 (70,6%) comparable deferred diagnoses as well as in the single false negative case the interpretation could have been correctly stated intraoperatively. The normal and pathological features as disclosed by the AAF reaction have been analytically examined. The AAF procedure seems to be a possible relevant tool in order to improve the classical FS performance also in respect to the increasingly systematic, precocious and conservative approach of the modern breast surgery.