Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the presence of laminin in neonatal tracheal aspirates would be indicative of damage to the structural integrity of the basal laminae of the lung caused by barotrauma and hyperoxia. We predicted that disruption of the basal laminae would be a critical determinant of lung injury and fibrotic repair in the preterm infant whose lungs were ventilated with supplemental oxygen.
Study design: The study group consisted of 23 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit whose lungs were ventilated by supplemental oxygen. We quantitated concentrations of laminin and fibronectin from sequential tracheal aspirates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A two-way analysis of variance was used to compare laminin and fibronectin concentrations in infants with and without radiographic evidence of coarse pulmonary markings indicative of fibrotic repair of lung injury.
Results: The concentrations of laminin, but not fibronectin, were significantly higher throughout the first 5 weeks of life in infants with abnormal chest radiographs at 36 weeks after conception. The concentrations of laminin in infant serum were approximately 1/30 that of tracheal aspirate laminin concentrations, suggesting that little if any of the laminin detected in the tracheal aspirates was derived from the serum.
Conclusions: Increased concentrations of laminin in tracheal aspirates may be an indication of lung injury and fibrotic repair in the preterm infant.