Background: Rosaceae fruit allergy is frequently associated with birch pollinosis in Central and Northern Europe and with grass pollen allergy in Central Spain. The main cross-reactive structures involved for birch pollinosis are Bet v 1 and profilin, and for grass pollinosis they are profilin and carbohydrate determinants. Rosaceae fruit allergy can occasionally be observed in patients without pollinosis.
Objective: We investigated the clinical presentation and the allergens involved in allergy to Rosaceae fruit without pollinosis.
Methods: Eleven patients from Central Spain allergic to apples, peaches, and/or pears but not to pollens were compared with 22 control subjects with combined grass pollen and fruit allergy. Skin prick tests and RASTs to apple, peach, and pear were performed. Cross-allergenicity was studied by RAST inhibition. Bet v 1 was tested with an indirect RAST, and profilin was tested in skin prick tests, histamine release, and RAST.
Results: Rosaceae fruit allergy without pollinosis is severe with 82% of patients reporting systemic symptoms, mainly anaphylaxis (73%), whereas oral symptoms are less frequent (64%). Anaphylactic shock was observed in 36% of patients. The fruit allergens involved showed cross-reactivity among Rosaceae species but were not related to profilin or Bet v 1. Ninety-one percent of patients with combined grass pollinosis and fruit allergy reported oral allergy, 45% reported systemic symptoms, 18% reported anaphylaxis, and 9% reported anaphylactic shock.
Conclusion: Allergy to Rosaceae fruits in patients without a related pollen allergy is a severe clinical entity. Profilin- and Bet v 1-related structures are not involved in Rosaceae fruit allergy without pollinosis.