Several species of scolopenders (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae), with their bites, are often cause of a local burning pain, redness, edema and sometimes leading to an erysipelas-like state. The present note deals with the main morphological characteristics useful for identificating of Scolopendra cingulata, the most common Italian species of Scolopendridae. Moreover, biology, ecology and medical aspects of the bite are discussed and two human cases due to S. cingulata bite occurred in Latium region (Italy) are described.