During the process of wound healing, different cellular components have varied speeds of migrating. By implanting a membrane, a space was created for selected cells, that is so called guided tissue regeneration. Since bone had the potential of regeneration, the concept of guided tissue regeneration was used in the process of bone regeneration in the present study, namely, guided bone regeneration. Defects of 10 mm-long were produced on bilateral radii of 10 adult New Zealand rabbits by surgery. The defects on experimental sides were bridged with silicone tube. The opposite side served as the control. Radiography of forearms of rabbits was taken weekly. Samples were treated with 3-point bending test and histology respectively. On experimental sides, by 3-4 weeks, new bone from the fractured ends grew into bone defect, seven of ten healed within 6-8 weeks. The other 2 only had a gap less than 1 mm left. No one healed on the control sides. The maximum value of 3-point bending test on experimental sides was 11.7 times greater than that of the control sides. It was shown that bone regenerated in the tube, and no callus formed out the tube by both gross samples and histologic examinations. On histology, the gap less than 1 mm on X-ray films was fibrocartilage zone, which connected regenerated bone from both distal and proximal bone ends. The defects on the control were occupied by connective tissue. In conclusion, guided bone regeneration also presents in long bone, that may provide a new method in the treatment of bone defect and promote fracture healing.