Objective: To investigate the effects of endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) on interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and proteoglycan production by human chondrocytes.
Methods: Human articular chondrocytes were isolated from their extracellular matrix by triple successive enzymatic digestion of the cartilage and cultured 48 h in a well defined culture medium. IL-6 and IL-8 were directly assayed into culture media by specific enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassays. Proteoglycans and PGE2 were quantified by specific radioimmunoassays. Cell culture media were assayed for NO2 using a spectrophotometric assay based upon the Griess reaction.
Results: Unstimulated chondrocytes produced low levels of NO, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2. Production was significantly stimulated by IL-1beta and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As well, proteoglycan synthesis was profoundly inhibited by IL-1beta and LPS. Inhibition of NO synthesis with the competitive inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) led to enhancement of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production stimulated by either IL-1beta alone or in combination with LPS, whereas the inhibition of proteoglycan production by IL-1beta was not modified by L-NMMA.
Conclusion: LPS and IL-1beta stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production are downregulated by endogenously produced NO, which could limit the inflammatory reaction occurring in arthritis.