Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine involved in haematopoiesis and host defence. Production of GM-CSF has been detected in tumour cells including the U87MG astrocytoma cell line. Previous studies have been focused on the regulatory role of the proximal region of the GM-CSF promoter. Our studies on the distal region of the promoter in U87MG cells identify a negative cis element (-1377/-1298) which contains a AP1-like site able to bind c-jun and c-fos transcription factors, according to the results of DNA/protein binding assays. Mutagenesis of the AP1-like site eliminates AP1 binding and the negative effect on promoter activity.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antibodies
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Binding, Competitive
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Consensus Sequence
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DNA Footprinting
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
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Genes, Reporter
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / genetics*
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Humans
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Oligonucleotides
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Point Mutation
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Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / immunology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / metabolism*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / immunology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / metabolism*
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sequence Deletion
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / genetics
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / immunology
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Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism*
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Transfection
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
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Antibodies
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Oligonucleotides
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
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Transcription Factor AP-1
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor