Crystalloids, colloids and kids: a review of paediatric burns in intensive care

Burns. 1998 Dec;24(8):717-24. doi: 10.1016/s0305-4179(98)00102-8.

Abstract

This is a retrospective review of all burns patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a 7 year period. Resuscitation fluid therapy and clinical course are presented. Ninety-eight new burns victims were admitted with a mortality rate of 10.2%, all in burns of greater than 25% body surface area (BSA). The incidence of ARDS was 20%, with an 18% mortality rate. Of 85 patients with burns greater than 5% BSA, 33 received the hospital-recommended colloid-based resuscitation formula, 46 received a combination of crystalloids and colloids and in 6 patients the resuscitation regimen was not able to be determined. The aetiology, age distribution, sex ratio, severity of burns and length of stay in hospital did not alter significantly over the study period. The number of burns admissions to PICU increased, as did their duration of intubation and ICU stay. The hospital-recommended resuscitation formula consistently underestimated the fluid volume required for adequate resuscitation. No statistically significant difference in adverse effects was found between the resuscitation groups. This study is unable to recommend a definitive approach to the fluid resuscitation of burns shock in paediatrics and the best approach is one of meticulous fluid resuscitation titrated on clinical effect.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Age Distribution
  • Body Surface Area
  • Burns / classification
  • Burns / etiology
  • Burns / therapy*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Colloids / therapeutic use*
  • Critical Care
  • Crystalloid Solutions
  • Female
  • Fluid Therapy*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Intubation, Intratracheal
  • Isotonic Solutions
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Patient Admission
  • Plasma Substitutes / therapeutic use*
  • Rehydration Solutions / therapeutic use*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sex Ratio
  • Survival Rate

Substances

  • Colloids
  • Crystalloid Solutions
  • Isotonic Solutions
  • Plasma Substitutes
  • Rehydration Solutions