Background: The impact of hepatitis C virus infection in Chile has not been well established.
Aim: To assess hepatitis C virus infection in normal Chileans and in patients with liver disease.
Subjects and methods: Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were investigated in 21,000 blood donors, 133 patients with non alcoholic chronic liver disease and in 50 patients with hepatocarcinoma. Viral RNA was studied by polymerase chain reaction in all positive blood donors, in 51 patients with chronic liver disease and in all patients with hepatocarcinoma. Hepatitis C virus genotype was established using restriction fragment length polymorphism in 118 RNA positive samples.
Results: In blood donors, a 0.3% prevalence of positive antibodies was found. The figure for chronic liver disease was 53% and for hepatocarcinoma, 48%. Viral RNA was detected in 100% of patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinoma and in 68% of blood donors with positive antibodies. Genotype 1b was identified in all infected patients with hepatocarcinoma, in 86% of patients with chronic liver disease and in 46% of blood donors.
Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus infection is an important etiologic agent for chronic liver disease in Chile. The predominance of genotype 1b among patients with the most severe form of liver disease is in agreement with observations made abroad.