Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1β through HIF-1α.
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Tannahill GM, et al. Among authors: frezza c.
Nature. 2013 Apr 11;496(7444):238-42. doi: 10.1038/nature11986. Epub 2013 Mar 24.
Nature. 2013.
PMID: 23535595
Free PMC article.